托福阅读之小结题 - 托福阅读 - 备考攻略 - 武汉华盟教育培训【官网】-武汉雅思培训＿托福培训班＿SAT培训机构

托福阅读考试中共有三篇文章，每篇文章700-800字左右，每篇文章之后会有13-14个题目，而小结题位于最后一道，需要从六个选项中选出三个作为正确答案，每一题两分。我们首先来分析一下这个题目的题干要求：

An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

(一个总结性句子已经给出。通过选择三个选项来完成这个总结，所选的选项需要表达原文最重要的信息。有些选项不属于总结性选项，因为他们表达了没在原文中出现的信息或者是原文中的细节信息。此题两分。)通过分析题干给出的具体信息，我们能够看出，这道题目的关键要求在于选择重要信息，总结性信息。也就意味着，有的选项虽然正确，但是如果它表达的是原文中的细节信息，那么依然不能作为正确答案，这是这道题目中最难的一个点。

考生们在做这道题往往很头疼，从前往后做下来，会感觉很多选项里的内容都有在文中提及，所以常会犯难到底哪个才是对的。那么这个题其实是有技巧可用的。

首先，做完每个段落下面的题目之后，总结段落主旨，可以选择简要的记在草稿纸上或者抓关键词记忆。这一步很重要，因为段落主旨通常就是正确选项的同义改写项。那么具体怎么找主旨呢？

1. 看段首。托福阅读的文章都是议论文或说明文，那么这就有个好处，它的铺陈方式非常规矩，基本都是一个段落一个主题，以总分形式展开，所以你只需把段首的信息读懂即可总结的到大意。

2. 注意逻辑词。段落中总会有很多特殊信息帮助你得知topic 与细节的分水岭在哪，比如one，another，third，for example, because,but等等。比如：Why were these hundreds of thousands of settlers—most of them farmers, some of them artisans—drawn away from the cleared fields and established cities and villages of the East?Certain characteristics of American society help to explain this remarkable migration. The European ancestors of some Americans had for centuries lived rooted to the same village or piece of land until some religious, political, or economic crisis uprooted them and drove them across the Atlantic. Many of those who experienced this sharp break thereafter lacked the ties that had bound them and their ancestors to a single place. Moreover, European society was relatively stratified; occupation and social status were inherited. In American society, however,the class structure was less rigid; some people changed occupations easily and believed it was their duty to improve their social and economic position. As a result, many Americans were an inveterately restless, rootless, and ambitious people. Therefore, these social traits helped to produce the nomadic and daring settlers who kept pushing westward beyond the fringes of settlement. In addition, there were other immigrants who migrated west in search of new homes, material success, and better lives.

从段首第一句话可以看出，是在对为何农民，手工艺人要放弃东边的住所向西迁提出原因疑问，紧接着就开始说美国人的特质可以解释这个原因。那么按照这样的逻辑，后面定会具体解释美国人的特质，可以继续往下验证，下面出现了moreover，并列递进的逻辑又一次解释了具体traits，所以段落组织结构已经很明显了，就是总分的结构，所以topic在第一句话，并且带入几个traits关键词，即：improve social status，find job及rootless是美国人西迁的原因。

3. 看段尾。当然也有主题句在段落末尾出现的情况，以分总的形式出现，比如整个段落一开始就是例子、实验。比如:Another major discovery was made in Egypt in 1989. Several skeletons of another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by the Tethys Sea and now exposed in the Sahara desert. This whale lived around 40 million years ago, 12million years after Pakicetus. Many incomplete skeletons were found but they included, for the first time in an archaeocyte, a complete hind leg that features a foot with three tiny toes. Such legs would have been far too small to have supported the 50-foot-long Basilosaurus on land. Basilosaurus was undoubtedly a fully marine whale with possibly nonfunctional, or vestigial, hind legs.

从段落一开始就在举例子说明某个时间发现的化石，那么段落中部的信息就可以快速浏览，往后找这个发现最终想要论证的内容，即最后一句话，B这种动物完全是一个海生生物，再把例子中discovery的内容提两个关键词，加上这句话就是这个段落的主旨。即：化石中的后腿骨太小无法支撑该动物在陆地上行走，所以它完全是个海生生物。

4. 选项中排除细节。错误选项非常喜欢把段落中的细节抽出了冒充，所以跟主旨无关又过度重点描述细节的选项可以迅速排掉。比如：14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

The westward movement of population across the United States led to expanded agricultural production.

A.The desire to improve their livelihood often inspired people to move west.
B.Among the people who moved to the western United States were a number of artisans.
C.The fertility of western farmland as well as favorable government policies supported agricultural gains.
D.Steamboats were originally used to transport passengers rather than freight.
E.Commercial farming in the West was greatly enhanced by improvements in land and water transportation.

F.The transportation revolution resulted in regional economies that operated independently of a national market economy.

这篇阅读每段都在讲美国人西迁的原因，那么很明显B强调的迁徙人群中的某一类人，D强调某种船主要是拉人用的，均为细节跟段落主旨不符，故排除。