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雅思阅读高频真题分析答案讲解-实例
发布日期 ：2017.12.19 浏览次数：1873 次
在本篇文章中给大家讲解一篇在雅思中出现过多次的一篇文章进行解析，希望对大家有帮助。
Alfred Nobel
The man behind the Nobel Prize
A Since 1901, the Nobel Prize has been honoring men and women from all comers of the globe for outstanding achievements in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and for work in peace. The foundations for the prize were laid in 1895 when Alfred Nobel wrote his lost will, leaving much of his wealth to the establishment of the Nobel Prize.
B Alfred Nobel was born in Stockholm on October 21. 1833. His father Immanuel Nobel was an engineer and inventor who built bridges and buildings in Stockholm. In connection with his construction work Immanuel Nobel also experimented with different techniques for blasting rocks. Successful in his industrial and business ventures, Immanuel Nobel was able, in 1842, to bring his family to St. Petersburg. There, his sons were given a first class education by private teachers. The training included natural sciences, languages and literature. By the age of 17 Alfred Nobel was fluent in Swedish, Russian, French, English and German. His primary interests were in English literature and poetry as well as in chemistry and physics. Alfred’s father, who wanted his sons to join his enterprise as engineers, disliked Alfred’s interest in poetry and found his son rather introverted.
C In order to widen Alfred’s horizons his father sent him abroad for further training in chemical engineering. During a two year period Alfred Nobel visited Sweden, Germany. France and the United States. In Paris, the city he came to like best, he worked in the private laboratory of Professor T. J. Pelouze, a famous chemist. There he met the young Italian chemist Ascanio Sobrero who, three years earlier, had invented nitroglycerine, a highly explosive liquid. But it was considered too dangerous to be of any practical use. Although its explosive power greatly exceeded that of gunpowder, the liquid would explode in a very unpredictable manner if subjected to heat and pressure. Alfred Nobel became very interested in nitroglycerine and how it could be put to practical use in construction work. He also realized that the safety problems had to be solved and a method had to be developed for the controlled detonation of nitroglycerine.
D After his return to Sweden in 1863, Alfred Nobel concentrated on developing nitroglycerine as an explosive. Several explosions, including one (1864) in which his brother Kmil and several other persons were killed, convinced the authorities that nitroglycerine production was exceedingly dangerous. They forbade further experimentation with nitroglycerine within the Stockholm city limits and Alfred Nobel had to move his experimentation to a barge anchored on Lake Malaren. Alfred was not discouraged and in 1864 he was able to start mass production of nitroglycerine. To make the handling of nitroglycerine safer Alfred Nobel experimented with different additives. He soon found that mixing nitroglycerine with kieselguhr would turn the liquid into a paste which could be shaped into rods of a size and form suitable for insertion into drilling holes. In 1867 he patented this material under die name of dynamite. To be able to detonate the dynamite rods he also invented a detonator (blasting cap) which could be ignited by lighting a fuse. These inventions were made at the same time as the pneumatic drill came into general use. Together these inventions drastically reduced the cost of blasting rock, drilling tunnels, building canals and many other forms of construction work.
E The market for dynamite and detonating caps grew very rapidly and Alfred Nobel also proved himself to be a very skillful entrepreneur and businessman. Over the years he founded factories and laboratories in some 90 different places in more than 20 countries. Although he lived in Paris much of his life he was constantly traveling. When he was not traveling or engaging in business activities Nobel himself worked intensively in his various laboratories, first in Stockholm and later in other places. He focused on the development of explosives technology as well as other chemical inventions, including such materials as synthetic rubber and leather, artificial silk, etc. By the time of his death in 18% he had 355 patents.
F Intensive work and travel did not leave much time for a private life. At the age of 43 he was feeling like an old man. At this time he advertised in a newspaper"Wealthy, highly-educated elder gentleman seeks lady of mature age, versed in languages, as secretary and supervisor of household." The most qualified applicant turned out to be an Austrian woman. Countess Bertha Kinsky. After working a very short time for Nobel she decided to return to Austria to marry Count Arthur von Suttner. In spite of this Alfred Nobel and Bertha von Suttner remained friends and kept writing letters to each other for decades. Over the years Bertha von Suttner became increasingly critical of the arms race. She wrote a famous book, Lay Down Your Arms and became a prominent figure in the peace movement. No doubt this influenced Alfred Nobel when he wrote his final will which was to include a Prize for persons or organizations who promote peace. Several years after the death of Alfred Nobel, the Norwegian Storting (Parliament) decided to award the 1905 Nobel Peace Prize to Bertha von Suttner.
G Alfred Nobel died in San Remo, Italy, on December 10, 1896. When his will was opened it came as a surprise that his fortune was to be used for Prizes in Physics, Chemistry. Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Peace. The executors of his will were two young engineers, Ragnar Sohlman and Rudolf Lilljequist. They set about forming the Nobel Foundation as an organization to take care of the financial assets left by Nobel for this purpose and to coordinate the work of the Prize-Awarding Institutions. This was not without its difficulties since the will was contested by relatives and questioned by authorities in various countries.
H Alfred Nobel’s greatness lay in his ability to combine the penetrating mind of the scientist and inventor with the forward-looking dynamism of the industrialist. Nobel was very interested in social and peace-related issues and held what were considered radical views in his era. He had a great interest in literature and wrote his own poetry and dramatic works. The Nobel Prizes became an extension d a fulfillment of his lifetime interests.
Questions 1-6
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement is true
FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage
1 The first Nobel Prize was awarded in 1895.
2 Nobel’s father wanted his son to have better education than what he had had.
3 Nobel was an unsuccessful businessman.
4 Bertha von Suttner was selected by Nobel himself for the first peace prize.
5 The Nobel Foundation was established after the death of Nobel
6 Nobel’s social involvement was uncommon in the 1800’s.
Questions 7-13
Complete the notes below using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage.
Write your answers in boxes 7-13 on your answer sheet.
Table 1
Education:
Having accumulated a great fortune in his business, Nobel’s father determined to give his son the best education and sent him abroad to be trained in 7 During Nobel’s study in Paris, he worked in a private laboratory, where he came in contact with a young Scientist (engineer) 8 and his invention nitroglycerine, a more powerful explosive than 9
Table 2
Benefits in construction works:
Nobel became really interested in this new explosive and experimented on it. But nitroglycerine was too dangerous and was banned for experiments within the city of 10 So Nobel had to move his experiments to a lake. To make nitroglycerine easily usable, Nobel invented dynamite along with 11 while in the meantime 12 became popular, all of which dramatically lowered the 13 of construction works.
文章题目：Alfred Nobel
体裁：人物传记
题目：阿尔弗雷德—诺贝尔奖背后的人
结构：
A段：诺奖的介绍及诺贝尔对诺奖的贡献
B段：诺贝尔的家庭介绍和童年经历
C段：诺贝尔对炸药消化甘油产生兴趣
D段：诺贝尔安全炸药的发明及其应用
E段：诺贝尔的生活状态和他的发明成果
F段：诺贝尔设立和平奖的缘由
G段：诺贝尔遗产的分配和诺奖的成立
H段：对诺贝尔生平成就的评价
题目解析
1
定位词：The first Nobel Prize
A段第一句和第二句
A段首先简单介绍诺贝尔奖，自1901年开始已被颁发给在各领域作出杰出贡献的人；紧接着第二句话提及诺奖的设立时间The foundations for the prize were laid in 1895，由此推断诺贝尔奖是1895年设立并且1901年为第一次颁奖时间
因此本体题干与原文描述不符，填False
2
定位词：father，better education
B段全段及C段第一句
B段介绍诺贝尔父亲是一位成功的商人，以及对孩子教育的重视，并未说到父亲的教育状况；而后本段第八句提到“Alfred’s father, who wanted his sons to join his enterprise as engineers”，以及C段第一句In order to widen Alfred’s horizons his father sent him abroad for further training in chemical engineering结合两句话可知诺贝尔父亲的目的是希望孩子成为工程师并帮助诺贝尔拓宽视野，但都未谈及wanted his son to have better education than what he had had这一层意思；
因此本体题干表述在原文段落中未提及，填Not Given
3
定位词：unsuccessful businessman
E段第一句
E段开头The market for dynamite and detonating caps grew very rapidly and Alfred Nobel also proved himself to be a very skillful entrepreneur and businessman即点明炸药和雷管在市场的快速运用证明他是一位成功的商人和企业家;
因此本体题干与原文描述相符，填True
4
定位词：Bertha yon Suttner；by Nobel himself
F段的最后一句
F段最后一句说到Bertha yon Suttner的获奖情况
“Several years after the death of Alfred Nobel, the Norwegian Storting (Parliament) decided to award the 1905 Nobel Peace Prize to Bertha von Suttner.”Bertha yon Suttner由此可知Bertha yon Suttner的和平奖由挪威议会颁发给她的；
因此本体题干与原文描述不相符，填False。
5
定位词：Nobel Foundation；after the death
G段第四句
G段第四句出现题干的关键词Nobel Foundation，并且这句话解释了它设立的目的是take care of the financial assets left by Nobel for this purpose，也就是说管理Nobel的遗产，因此可断定The Nobel Foundation was established after the death of Nobel;
因此本体题干与原文描述相符，填True
6
定位词：social involvement；uncommon
H段第二句和第四句
文章H段谈到诺贝尔的生平成就，其中第二句说到Nobel was very interested in social and peace-related issues and held what were considered radical views in his era.诺贝尔对社会和平相关问题持有在那个年代被视为激进的想法以及最后一句“The Nobel Prizes became an extension d a fulfillment of his lifetime interests”点明其接触贡献所在，说明诺贝尔的成就在当时是非比寻常的；
因此本体题干与原文描述相符，填True
7
定位词：sent him abroad；trained
C段第一句
题干说到Nobel’s father， sent him abroad，根据这两组关键词判断描述的是父亲送诺贝尔出国留学的内容，对应C段内容，且table第7个空前面的词trained in说明需要补充的是深造科目，根据C段第一句 for further training in chemical engineering，因此筛选出来的gap filling应该是chemical engineering.
8
定位词：a young Scientist
C段第四句
题干的意思是说诺贝尔在巴黎学习期间结识一位年轻科学家，table第8个空需要填入这位young scientist的名字或相关信息；而C段第四句提到the young Italian chemist Ascanio Sobrero 与题干的关键提示词吻合，因此此处gap filling填入 Ascanio Sobrero.
9
定位词：Nitroglycerine；more powerful
C段第五句
题干中提到Nitroglycerine，并用一个同位语a more powerful explosive than来修饰，“比...更具威力”，原文C段第五句“Although its explosive power greatly exceeded that of gunpowder”,exceed（超过），that指代explosive power,将Nitroglycerine的威力与一般火药进行比较，因此此处gap filling填入gunpowder.
10
定位词：banned；the city
D段第三句
题干中But nitroglycerine was too dangerous and was banned for experiments within the city of...”可知这句话填入的是禁止进行nitroglycerine实验的城市名字；而D段第三句”They forbade further experimentation with nitroglycerine within the Stockholm city”有四个关键词：forbade, experimentation, nitroglycerine和city是吻合的，因此此处gap filling填入城市名Stockholm.
11
定位词：Dynamite；along with
D段倒数第三句
题干中总结的是与dynamite及另一项发明物；D段倒数第四句开始提及dynamite,紧接着倒数第三句”To be able to detonate the dynamite rods he also invented a detonator” “also”一词与题干along with语义一致，因此此处 gap filling填入detonator.
12
定位词：in the meantime；popular
D段倒数第二句
题干while in the meantime和popular两个关键词提示此处填入的是与dynamite和detonator同时普遍使用的一种发明；结合D段倒数第二句 “These inventions were made at the same time as the pneumatic drill came into general use.”at the same time, came into general use恰好解释了题干的关键词，因此此处gap filling填入pneumatic drill.
13
定位词：Which；lower；construction works
D段最后一句
D段which和construction works两个关键词提示此句总结的是dynamite等发明对construction的影响；结合D段最后一句 “Together these inventions drastically reduced the cost of... and many other construction work.”reduce，construction work与题干关键信息吻合，因此此处gap filling填入cost。
