雅思阅读文章中生词如何猜测词义
发布日期 :2017.11.28 浏览次数:1658 次
雅思阅读中遇到生词,对理解无大碍者可一跃而过。只有难以推测的生词才借助词典。但过多依赖词典会打断阅读思路,影响速度及理解,这就需要学生学会猜词。可这不是说平时阅读一涉及到生词便去猜测,如有条件使用词典,同学们还是应该将不会的生词一一查明,并加以记忆。只有这样才能扩充我们的词汇量,提高阅读理解能力。
一. 根据定义猜测词义 一些文章中,作者会以给定义的方式解释文章中的术语。定义句的谓语动词多为: be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as等。
Eg:A tariff is a duty or fee levied on goods being imported into the country.
二. 根据定语从句猜测词义 定语从句具有解释说明的作用,出现标志是:生词(通常为名词或代词)+who,which,that, when ,where等词,从句中一般用词比较简单,同学们可以根据从句猜测前方生词的含义。
Eg: My uncle used to be a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of his hat, swallowing fire, another similar tricks.
三. 同位语猜词
同位语在语法上,一般是插入到句子中间,解释或者补充句子的某个部分。 常见形式: …, …, … 或者其他形式的插入语,
如Ethics--the standard of deeds and moral codes accepted by the society--has a powerful effect on modem business communication.
我们可以根据插入语,同位语大致地猜测出,“ethics”指的是“行为准则和道德标准”。其实在很多行业中经常会碰到这个单词,比如“business ethics”指的就是“商业道德”的意思。
四. 并列猜词法 并列性结构中的单词,其表达的意思应该是相近的。利用这一点,我们可以猜测生词的词义。 常见标志词:as well as, and, both... And, either... or; neither...nor…
eg: A journalist should be a competent researcher as well as a good writer.
五.反义词猜词
如果发现上下文中有反义词,那么通常可以迅速得到生词的词义。
常见标志词:unlike, as opposed to, in contrast, however but, while, yet, although, even if, not... But… , different from, unfortunately, ...
eg: During the concert the audience was quiet, but after it ended the crowd became boisterous.
在音乐会期间,观众非常安静;但是结束以后,就变得"boisterous"(喧闹)。
Eg: Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest.
Supercilious 高傲的
六.因果猜词法 通过因果逻辑,可以推理出大致的词义。
常见标志词:so, therefore, as a result, lead to, result in, cause, contribute to, give rise to, because, as, since, for because of, due to, owing to, attribute to
Because of his antagonistic temper, he finds it difficult to make friends.
七.利用构词法来猜测词义
利用前、后缀猜测词义 雅思阅读词汇中,前缀、后缀构词颇多,且特定的"缀"往往表示特定的含义,把握住这一点,可起到"以不变应万变"的效果,如果大家熟练掌握了英语的词根和词缀,对于掌握其他雅思阅读技巧也是有很大的帮助的。 例如:He had been overworking and fell ill at last. overwork是由前缀over-加动词构成,over有"超过,过于"之意,overwork意思是"工作过多,劳累过度"。
再如,overburden负担过重,overcharge要价过高,overdo做得过分。
还有一些后缀派生词:
1)You must stop dreaming and face reality.(-ty为名词的标志);
2)The country is trying to popularize education. (-ize为及物动词的标志,再如realize, modernize)。
希望今天分享的小技巧对大家有帮助,预祝大家屠鸭成功,谢谢大家~