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雅思地图题在听力与写作中常考的题型特点
发布日期 ：2017.10.14 浏览次数：1993 次
雅思写作对于很多人来说是一大难题，雅思地图题常出现在雅思听力与雅思写作中，那下面华盟教育就带大家了解一下地图题在听力与雅思写作中常考的类型。
首先，知己知彼百战不殆。写作前我们要对地图题有个基本了解。按照描写顺序不同，地图题分为地理变迁图和地理选址图，而其中最主流的类型就是地理变迁图。而雅思听力题型特点则是问路 & 位置介绍。
雅思写作地图题题型特点：
地理变迁图，如名字所言，就是研究同一个地点在不同时间阶段里面的变化。
没错，地图题也可以理解为是一种动态图：随着时间顺序来描写变化。这样的话，审题过程其实就与动态图是一致的。接下来我们用动态图的三要素来分析一下地图题。
1.时态+语态
由于地图是描述变化，即这些变化大多数是过去发生的，那么时态就应该是一般过去时和现在完成时。当然在极少数情况下（途中出现虚线表示预测）我们会用到一般现在时表预测。而由于大多数这些变化的动作发出者都是未知的，所以用被动语态就成立刻王道了。转换成具体例子，就得到了这样的句子：
①This place was used as a reading room.
②The woods and farmlands have been removed and replaced by schools.
③A wetland for wild birds is planned to be built in the next two years.
注意：预测性表达包括以下三种方式
A.动词被动形式
Be likely to=be planned to =be anticipated to =be projected to =be predicted to= be forecasted to…
B.名词性从句
It is likely that=It is estimated that= It is anticipated that =It is projected that…
C.动词ing形式充当定语修饰名词
The projecting figure= The expecting number…
2.基本句型
其实上一个例子中我们已经或多或少看到了写作句型，那么究竟有多少基本句型是我们在考试前需要掌握的呢？？总共有两种：空间顺序和变化表达
①空间顺序
空间顺序其实就是方位信息，在地图题中就是"点"与"线"的关系
以下句举例：
The residential area was located in / situated at the north of the village.
注意其中高光的信息，绿色表达的是位置，而红色的介词则是具体的方位体现，而方位则是用东南西北来表达。总结一下，也就是在描写"点"的时候将目标对象的具体位置用正确的介词表示东南西北。那么只要积累这部分单词和词组即可。
注意：介词in表示在区域内部，at表示内部接壤，而to则表示在外部且二者不接壤。
接下来我们看"线"。
所谓的"线"其实就是道路这样的存在，而道路一般就是连接，相交与平行。
例句如下：
This residential area was connected to the schools by a newly built road.
A road was built to link the residential area to the schools.
A road was built,paralleling with the east-bound railway.
A road was built,forming an intersection with the east-bound railway.
A is adjacent to/ near /next to/ just off the road
A is on the opposite side of B
A is opposite to B.
②变化表达
地图中的变化其实不外乎是建筑物的有无，大小和弯直
A.从无到有
A newly-built road
A new car park was built/established/set up/constructed/completed
A new theater has been added to the library
The size of the library has beenenlarged/extended/broadened/expanded/halved/reduced /diminished (by half)
B.从有到无
The farms completely disappeared/were removed.
A becomes B
Ais transformed/reconstructed/redeveloped/converted/changed/turned over to/ intoB
A is replaced /substituted by B = A gives way to B
C．大VS小，弯VS直
The number of homes has increased/risen/grown/reduced /decreased/dropped/fallen/doubled/ tripled/ quadrupled to 500.
The railway has been straightened since then.
3.逻辑连接
在地图题中所谓的逻辑连接也就是动态图中逻辑连接，也就是时间变化。 包括时间点，时间段；转化成写作内容其实就是介词的转换以及顺序表达。
如：In 1988
From 1980 to 1997
By 1988
Until 1988
To begin with, another, also,
When, before/ after, then, and then, followed by, nex
雅思听力地图题-题型特点: 问路 & 位置介绍
☆ 问路场景中,指路者往往用left, right 指明方向;
☆ 位置介绍背景中,speaker往往根据景点布局图讲解,考生应注意 gate, door, window, corner, entrance, exit, north, east, south, west, go in clockwise direction, go in anti-clockwise/ counter-clockwise direction等表达方法.
◆解题方法:1.地图题符合地图的成比例缩小原则,即现实生活中多大,到地图上也多大.
2.注意图中的图例、指向标、说明文字及图中已经出现的信息. 若无指向标,则根据地图常识上北下南, 左西, 右东的顺序, 依次在地图上标出四个方向.
3.跟着speaker画线路图. ⑴一定要听清starting point (起始点)
⑵注意听左右及东南西北. ①问方向, 应特别留意倾听表示左右方向的信号词. 如: on the left / right ,turn left / right, around the corner to the left/ right, the first/ second/ third…from the left/ right
②问布局, 应特别留意倾听表示东南西北方向以及顺逆时针的信号词. 如: north-east, north-west, south-east, south-west, southern, in clockwise direction, in anti-clockwise direction, in counter-clockwise
⑶注意聆听方位词,如: be in front of, be behind, be beside, be next to, be opposite to , be across from, be far from , be nearby, be on the corner of…street and…street, be in the corner of… be parallel to..
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